How social movements contribute to staying within the global carbon budget: Evidence from a qualitative meta-analysis of case studies

Despite renewed efforts to combat climate change, it remains uncertain how economies will achieve emission reduction by 2050. Among different decarbonisation strategies, knowledge about the potential role and contributions of social movements curbing carbon emissions has been limited. This study aims shed light on diverse staying within global budget, as well specific outcomes strategies employed in protests against hydrocarbon activities. For this purpose, we conduct a systematic literature review 57 empirical cases contesting fossil fuel projects 29 countries. Based an exploratory approach, identify series movement range qualitative that support budget. These include raising awareness risks enhancing corporate responsibility, being informed policy changes, laws regulations, fostering just energy transitions, democracy, divestment, alternative market solutions, forcing postponement or cancellation targeted While institutional means are widely used seem change regulation, these not deliver outcomes. Similarly, while tend rely civil disobedience stop short term, they multiple cancel them longer term. Our also indicates significant gaps literature, particularly, Africa Central Asia, women's participation movements, addition more quantitative assessments actual reduced movements.